In the UK, GU medicine physicians provide much of the outpatient care, and in some hospitals also the in-patient care, for patients with HIV infection. The diagnosis still carries a certain stigma and may bring to the forefront emotions regarding past sexual relationships, sexuality, or drug abuse. In the 1980s, AIDS received a tremendous amount of hype by “medical” journalists and social commentators but with advances in our knowledge of the disease and developments in treatment, HIV infection should now be viewed as a chronic illness. Primary care practitioners are playing more of a role in managing patients with HIV infection, particularly during the pre-treatment years. However, once the disease progresses and highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is considered necessary, specialist input should be sought. Inappropriate drug combinations can seriously limit future treatment strategies through the development of drug resistance, and choosing the right therapy for an individual patient is not always a straightforward matter. This chapter deals with just a few of the important issues regarding HIV antibody testing and patient management.