Several obturation techniques are available for root canal treatment. Selection of any technique is determined not only by operator preference but also key factors including canal anatomy, preparation technique used and the unique treatment objectives of each case. The two basic obturation procedures are lateral condensation and warm vertical condensation. Gutta-percha root fillings remain the ideal filling material despite the advent of new devices and techniques, such as synthetic resin-based polycaprolactone polymer (Resilon). Paste fills utilising highly toxic resin cements such as ‘SPAD’ and formaldehyde-containing Endomethasone and silver point fillings have a poor reputation and cannot be recommended. However, the use of mineral trioxide aggregate has been advocated in the management of large open apices that may not be easily customised with traditional gutta-percha techniques. Obturation is the final treatment objective that ensures that the canal remains cleaned, disinfected and sealed from the apical minor constriction of the root canal system to the orifice.