This chapter will summarize the framework of the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court, a negotiated compromise among countries of diverse legal traditions. The Court’s structure incorporates elements of both adversarial and inquisitorial proceedings, and creates an independent prosecutor with attributes drawn from both common and civil law systems. Other important aspects of the Court’s institutional structure include the Judicial Division, divided among Pre-Trial, Trial, and Appeals Chambers, and the Registry , which governs Court administration. The chapter will also explore the status of ratifications, which today includes a majority of the world’s countries but less than half of the world’s combined population and only one-third of the world’s combined military strength.