Abstract Quantum annealing is a quantum optimization approach designed to solve complex problems that require finding the optimal solution among a vast number of choices. These problems are often difficult or impossible for classical computers to handle efficiently. This chapter examines the role of quantum annealing in addressing such challenges, showcasing its potential through existing applications and discussing the opportunities and limitations of these systems. It also presents a strategic roadmap for applying quantum annealing technologies in the defense sector, highlighting their importance and potential for solving intricate optimization tasks.