An understanding of the principles of prescribing antibiotics in dentistry is paramount to their successful use in the outpatient setting. While the number of classes of antibiotics and specific agents useful in the management of routine odontogenic infections is relatively small when compared to those used in medicine, the dentist must understand the major contraindications and warnings associated with antibiotics, as well as their most significant adverse effects and drug interactions. This chapter provides the reader with a description of the various antibiotics routinely prescribed in dental patients, as well as practical considerations that must be understood to ensure their safe and effective use. Finally, the current role of antibiotic prophylaxis and the evidence regarding the use of antibacterial prophylaxis in dentistry are presented.