Fractures of the clavicle are amongst the most frequently diagnosed fractures, in children as well as in adults. In children it is one of the most common fractures with an estimated incidence of 5 to 15% of childhood fractures. Clavicle fractures may result from a direct or an indirect trauma. This chapter describes the circumstances under which clavicular fractures occur before, during and after birth with emphasis on the difference between accidental and non-accidental (inflicted) injury.