In this chapter, we mainly introduce the Chinese Train Control System (CTCS). The requirements and principles of the CTCS have been discussed according to the railway transportation’s characteristics, interoperability demand, and the actual situations in China. Architecture and control modes are given to show the system structure, the component functions, and behaviors in CTCS. Some typical operation scenarios have been proposed with a full consideration of the requirement train operation in normal situation, special situation, and also fault or disaster situation. Finally, both from static structure and dynamic behavior point views, we give a short comparison to show the main difference of the CTCS level 3 (CTCS-3) and ETCS level 2 (ETCS-2).