In this note, we discuss the interaction between two ways of scientific analysis. The first (classical) way is known as Mathematical Modeling (MM). It is based on a model created by humans and presented in mathematical terms. Scientific Computing (SC) is an important tool of MM developed to quantitatively analyze the model. Artificial Intelligence (AI) forms a new way of scientific analysis. AI systems arise as a result of a different process. Here, we take a sequence of correct input–output data, perform Machine Learning (ML), and get a model (hidden in a network). In this process, computational methods are used to create a network type model. We briefly discuss special methods used for this purpose (such as evolutionary algorithms), give a concise overview of results related to applications of AI in computer simulation of real-life problems, and discuss several open problems.