Main imaging findings: Large ischemic lesions: MRI: hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, FLAIR and DWI and correspondent hypointensity on the ADC maps. CT: No CT findings in early stages (only indirect signs). Hypodensity of the damaged tissue after 6–24 h from clinical onset. White matter hyperintensities: MRI: diffuse and hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted and FLAIR images mainly in periventricular regions and in the centrum semiovale. Normal or hypointense signal in T1-weighted images may be present. CT: hypodense confluent alterations of the white matter. Vascular lacunes: MRI: round or ovoid cavities, filled with fluid and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, hyperintense peripheral rim in FLAIR sequences surrounding an hypointense core. “Etat crible”: multiple enlarged perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia. CT: small ovoid hypodensities usually located in deep white matter. Dimension: between 3 and 15 mm. Perivascular spaces: MRI: small, oval with a well-defined smooth margin hyperintensities, isointense to cerebrospinal fluid. Dimension: not larger than 3 mm. Cerebral microbleeds: MRI: visible on conventional T2*-weighted GRE or SWI as intense hypointensities. Main location: deep regions in hypertensive vasculopathy, lobar location in CAA. Brain atrophy: Cortical thinning and diminished brain volume. Enlargement of the ventricles and subarachnoid spaces. Both quantifiable on MRI and CT scans.