The Bottom of the Pyramid concept is not that old but has undergone some significant discussion and change in perspective over the past 15 years since Prahalad and Hart (1999, 2002) first introduced the concept. During that time the understanding of what constitutes the BoP and how companies and scholars perceive it has changed from a pure market/customer perspective to a partnering perspective and has eventually gone beyond pure business topics. This chapter will first define the Bottom of the Pyramid segment before discussing the development of the BoP concept in literature and providing a critical assessment of the state of the BoP discussion.