The present chapter provides a succinct overview of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), its enforcement machinery, general rules of applicability and its underlying principles of interpretation—all geared towards better understanding the relationship between arbitration and the ECHR, while often trying to connect the said issues with the more specific point of focus of this book, i.e. exclusion of setting-aside proceedings. While not intended as a comprehensive overview of the ECHR, it nevertheless introduces the reader to the most basic elements of the ECHR.