Geoscientists benefit from a basic understanding of the process of medical diagnosis and risk assessment because many elements and geologic compounds have known human health impacts. Medical diagnosis is the process by which physicians identify a disease based on the patient’s signs and symptoms. Risk assessment consists of four interconnected components: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. By understanding how physicians come to a medical diagnosis through the process of history-taking, physical exam, and focused testing, the geoscientist will be better prepared to assist with risk assessment. In the course of conducting field work, geospatial mapping projects, or other research, geologists may become aware of regions with elevated levels of a mineral, metal, or element. Through awareness of the possible health impacts of the geology in their area of work, geologists are well poised to assist in protection of human health.