When we deal with legal issues around women’s reproductive rights, we are into a new area of constitutional law upon which the decisions are made. One of the most fundamental human rights declared by consensus in all the major international organizations is access to good health. For women control over their own sexuality and fertility is seen as basic to their good health and empowerment. It is necessary for women to control when and if they have a child in order to live healthy, productive, and fulling lives promised by the U.S. Constitution. In the case of women’s reproductive health, the state has claimed it has a compelling interest in making sure conditions are such that women’s health is protected. In this chapter, we tackle the tough issues including the controversy over abortion. By the time this chapter is available, the laws including Roe v. Wade may change given the cases that are now in front of the USSC, but we have described them here nonetheless. We also provide information on the newer reproductive technologies that permit women who want to bear children become mothers through in vitro fertilization (IVF). The rights of men and juveniles to become a parent are also controlled by law, and we discuss the issues raised by legal cases here also.