Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world after China, India and the USA. It is estimated that more than 260 million people live in this country in 2018. Indonesians who live abroad are also quite numerous. As part of daily life, they might experience various problems or life events that affect their mental health. This chapter provides various aspects that need to be considered by a therapist while interacting with an individual of Indonesian background. This chapter starts with the history of the treatment of psychiatric patients during the colonial era and its influence to the current treatment. The current situations of patient treatment are also described. Lastly, the issues that need to be considered while interacting psychiatric patients with Indonesian background are also discussed.