Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a group of chaperonin that are increased production at cellular level in cellular stress situations. These stress include such as heat, infection, inflammation, many toxins such as ethanol, arsenic, some metals, ultraviolet light, some oncogenes. Under physiological conditions, Hsp helps the newly produced proteins in the cell in folding correctly. They provide stabilization of the mitochondria as a mechanism that prevents the cell from apoptosis. They function by interacting with proteins called chaperonin in the cell cycle and stabilization of mitochondria. And it protects the cell from apoptosis and directs it to the process of carcinogenesis. Therefore, it has great potential in cancer studies in many stages. Thus, our chapter aims to briefly evaluate up to date knowledge for Hsp in oncological field.