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Cryptanalysis of MORUS

Authors: Ashur, Tomer; Eichlseder, Maria; Lauridsen, Martin M.; Leurent, Gaëtan; Minaud, Brice; Rotella, Yann; Sasaki, Yu; +1 Authors
Abstract

MORUS is a high-performance authenticated encryption algorithm submitted to the CAESAR competition, and recently selected as a finalist. There are three versions of MORUS: MORUS-640 with a 128-bit key, and MORUS-1280 with 128-bit or 256-bit keys. For all versions the security claim for confidentiality matches the key size. In this paper, we analyze the components of this algorithm (initialization, state update and tag generation), and report several results. As our main result, we present a linear correlation in the keystream of full MORUS, which can be used to distinguish its output from random and to recover some plaintext bits in the broadcast setting. For MORUS-1280, the correlation is 2 −76 , which can be exploited after around 2 152 encryptions, less than what would be expected for a 256-bit secure cipher. For MORUS-640, the same attack results in a correlation of 2 −73 , which does not violate the security claims of the cipher. To identify this correlation, we make use of rotational invariants in MORUS using linear masks that are invariant by word-rotations of the state. This motivates us to introduce single-word versions of MORUS called MiniMORUS, which simplifies the analysis. The attack has been implemented and verified on MiniMORUS, where it yields a correlation of 2 −16. We also study reduced versions of the initialization and finalization of MORUS, aiming to evaluate the security margin of these components. We show a forgery attack when finalization is reduced from 10 steps to 3, and a key-recovery attack in the nonce-misuse setting when initialization is reduced from 16 steps to 10. These additional results do not threaten the full MORUS, but studying all aspects of the design is useful to understand its strengths and weaknesses.

Keywords

Technology, Science & Technology, Computer Science, Information Systems, CAESAR, Mathematics, Applied, Authenticated encryption, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Nonce Respecting, Nonce respecting, Computer Science, Theory & Methods, MORUS, Physical Sciences, Computer Science, Authenticated Encryption, Digital Security, Linear Cryptanalysis, Linear cryptanalysis, Mathematics, Confidentiality, [INFO.INFO-CR] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green