Glanders is a zoonotic disease mainly afflicting solipeds and caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia mallei. Unlike its evolutionary counterpart, Burkholderia pseudomallei, which can live for extended periods of time outside a host, B. mallei is a host-adapted intracellular bacterium capable of limited survival in the environment. Though humans are considered accidental hosts, its ability to be aerosolized combined with low infectivity dose have contributed to the re-surfaced interest to understand glanders. This pathogen has a long history associated with natural infection, military involvement, and as a biological weapon, B. mallei has been classified as a Tier 1 Select Agent. Despite the eradication of glanders from Northern America and Western Europe, recent outbreaks in endemic areas, including Western Asia, Northern India, and South America have classified this bacteria as a re-emerging pathogen. Its high rate of mortality, antimicrobial resistance, and its role as potential bioweapon threat have prompted recent advancements in understanding its pathogenesis and development of novel therapeutics and prophylactic vaccines for at-risk individuals, including military personnel.