The scope of this book does not allow a complete description of the many techniques available for purification and treatment of reagents for facilitating immunoassays in general. There is a large amount of literature covering techniques, and this can be consulted for specific problems. The examination of many of the catalogs produced by commercial companies is useful as they often include good technical sections describing methods using their products. This chapter contains the practical basics of conjugation (a large field in itself), and details other immediately useful techniques that might be first desired in starting an ELISA. The book Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (1) should be regarded as definitive in the laboratory because it is extremely "digestible" and covers a large field of methods, all of which are relevant to ELISA.