Since its introduction to the scientific literature in the mid-1990s, developmental science has seen incremental refinements in research on resilience, which is a process or phenomenon reflecting positive child adjustment despite conditions of risk. In this chapter, we describe accumulated evidence on this construct in the field of developmental psychopathology and appraise critical directions for future work. We begin by briefly describing the history of work in this area through contemporary times, defining core constructs, and summarizing major findings on factors associated with resilience. In the second half of the chapter, we examine commonalities and differences between the resilience framework and a related, relatively new area of scientific inquiry: positive psychology. Our objective is to elucidate ways in which progress in each of these areas might most usefully inform efforts in the other, collectively maximizing the promotion of well-being among individuals, families, and society.