Intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring (IONM) provides valuable adjunctive information to the surgical team enhancing their understanding of the patient’s neuroanatomy with the goal of improving patient outcomes and reducing complications. This chapter discusses the roles of specific IONM modalities in minimally invasive spine surgery, further explaining the relative strengths and weaknesses of each modality, and anesthesia requirements when using IONM. The role of IONM in the placement of percutaneous pedicle screws and the far lateral approach to the lumbar spine are described.