
Projections and projection matrices, which are introduced and discussed in this chapter, are frequently encountered in discourse on linear statistical models related to the estimation of parameters and to the analysis of variance. Their appearance in such discourse can be attributed to their connection to the so-called least squares problem—one long-standing approach to the estimation of the parameters of a linear statistical model is based on “fitting” the model by least squares. Their connection to the least squares problem is described and discussed in Section 12.4.
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