
Thyroid disease is the commonest endocrine disorder. The hormones secreted by the thyroid, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are regulated by anterior pituitary secretion of thyrotrophin (TSH). TSH stimulates not only function but also growth of the thyroid gland. This is mediated through two different regions of the TSH receptor so that function and growth are usually coupled together. In its turn TSH is regulated by the hypothalamic secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH).
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