The chapter presents the physical and geographical conditions of the Republic of Adygea. Brief information is given on the relief, climate, water, geothermal, land, forest, and mineral resources. Specially protected natural areas, as well as the main species of flora and fauna, are listed. Particular attention is paid to the recreational resources of the Republic, which have great potential. The main problems of environmental pollution are discussed, which, on the one hand, are a consequence of the development of industry and agriculture and, on the other hand, can affect the development of tourism in the Republic.