The clinical applications of chest ultrasound (US) have been expanded in recent years. The chest is routinely studied prenatally by US which plays an important role in the detection of congenital lung malformations and congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH); severe cases of the latter could be treated in utero. US has several beneficial advantages such as portability and lack of ionising radiation and should be performed after careful chest X-ray assessment. Color, power, and pulsed Doppler capabilities permit the visualization of vessels without the need for venous contrast administration. Postnatal study of lung malformations detected in utero, consolidation, presence and characterization of pleural fluid, opaque hemithorax, palpable chest wall masses, abnormal mediastinal contours, and misleading chest X-ray findings constitute the main indications for chest US.