In the last two decades, high-resolution imaging of the skeleton has emerged as a growing field of research. Techniques such as high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) provide noninvasive access to bone microarchitecture, an important determinant of bone quality. High-resolution images can be processed by a multitude of techniques such as compartment-specific morphometric analyses including the quantification of cortical porosity, finite element analyses (FEA), decomposition techniques, and texture analysis.