The spleen is a lymphopoietic organ, which is part of the immunoprotective system of the body, in the same way as the lymph nodes. Its situation, under the left hemidiaphragm, in the immediate neighborhood of the abdominal wall and ribs, as well as its very important natural fragility, can explain the importance of its blunt trauma pathology. Because of the lymphoid nature of the spleen, infectious lesions are rare, and are seen almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. Conversely, splenic infarction is frequent, and of various causes. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare, but life-threatening condition.