: Glucose biosensors have an important place in the diagnosis of diabetes as well as in various food and biotechnological processes. Recent advances in nanomaterials have directly improved enzymatic glucose biosensors owing to their distinguished structural and physiochemical properties. Here, we review the recent developments in electrochemical and fluorescent glucose biosensors based on nanomaterials. New technologies that combine nanomaterials with glucose-sensing enzymes will result in promising glucose biosensors with high specificity and sensitivity.