Abstract Background In Spain, the perceived professional quality of life among veterinarians has not been explored. Methods Veterinarians were invited to complete an online questionnaire in which they answered the Professional Quality of Life scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐Being Scale. Participants were asked whether they were receiving psychological therapy or were taking anxiolytics, hypnotics or antidepressant medication. Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström test; participants were asked whether they took illegal drugs. Results The study sample comprised a total of 602 veterinarians, most of whom reported average levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary stress trauma and burnout. Emotional support and mental wellbeing influenced participants’ professional quality of life. The percentage of veterinarians in psychological therapy and/or taking anxiolytics was higher than in the general population. Conclusions A considerable number of clinical veterinarians in Spain may be suffering from work‐related stress. Our study identifies salary, emotional support and mental wellbeing as important factors that affect the professional quality of life. Interventions to improve veterinary clinicians’ professional quality of life should therefore focus on these factors.