AbstractGastric cancer has a poor prognosis. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, and potentially curative treatments often can not be exercised. Even when a curative surgical resection is possible, only a minority of patients survive beyond 5 years, and locoregional failures are frequent among patients undergoing curative resections. Recently, the use of postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has yielded some notable benefits. Earlier studies have shown survival benefits in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced unresectable gastric cancer. The recently reported Intergroup 0116 trial compared surgery alone with surgery plus postoperative chemotherapy plus chemoradiotherapy. Superior overall and disease‐free survival rates among patients given combined‐modality postoperative therapy were observed. These results established a new standard of care for patients following resection of gastric carcinoma. Preoperative combined‐modality chemoradiotherapy may improve resectability, and is under investigation at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The development of novel radioenhancers and the selection of therapy on the basis of molecular determinants of response may result in much‐needed advances in this field. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 21:223–227, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.