AbstractPolymer photocatalysts have shown great potential in the field of photocatalysis due to their unique physical and chemical properties, and have become a research hotspot in recent years. The paper systematically reviews the advances and applications of polymeric photocatalysts, explains their basic principles and photocatalytic reaction mechanism, and discusses the relationship between structure and performance. It introduces the types and characteristics of various polymer photocatalysts, sorts out various preparation methods such as in situ polymerization and blending, and explores performance optimization strategies, including structural regulation and defect engineering, and summarizes its current application status in environmental governance, organic synthesis, energy production, and other fields, analyzes the shortcomings of current research in stability studies and mechanism exploration, as well as the challenges faced in terms of technology, cost, and practical applications. It also looks forward to the future development direction from the aspects of high‐performance material research and development, multifunctional integration, and technological coupling, providing guidance for further advances and applications in this field.