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Scaffolding of Cystine‐Stabilized Miniproteins

Authors: Arjan Barendregt; Ivan Stojanovic; Richard B.M. Schasfoort; Pascal Jonkheijm; Pascal Jonkheijm; Shrikrishnan Sankaran; Shrikrishnan Sankaran; +1 Authors

Scaffolding of Cystine‐Stabilized Miniproteins

Abstract

AbstractBiomolecular scaffolds were engineered by genetically fusing robust miniproteins in a sequence, like a chain. By fusing these miniprotein chains to a teal fluorescent protein (TFP), an efficient strategy was devised for their production in E. coli. Miniproteins that bind β‐trypsin, VEGF and HIV‐1 Nef proteins were used to make 4 individual chains, each with 3 miniproteins arranged in different orders. Their stability and binding properties were analyzed with native ESI‐mass spectrometry, microscale thermophoresis, surface plasmon resonance imaging and a trypsin activity assay. Miniproteins within the chains were found to be functional and significantly robust. The trypsin activity assay showed that miniprotein chains containing two β‐trypsin inhibitors clearly inhibit β‐trypsin more than two fold stronger compared to chains containing only one β‐trypsin inhibitor indicating that multivalent interactions occurs. SPR imaging results indicated that these constructs had the potential to simultaneously bind multiple target proteins. However, each miniprotein chain exhibited different binding affinities towards the target proteins, especially VEGF and HIV‐1 Nef possibly due to issues dealing with folding, miniprotein orientations, non‐specific adhesion and slow proteolytic degradation of the miniproteins. Analysis of these issues provided insights into parameters that need to be taken into consideration while designing such multi‐specific protein constructs. By careful optimization, such constructs have the potential to be used in a very versatile manner for various molecular engineering applications.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, multi-specific, Knottin, 2023 OA procedure, protein binding, protein chains

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
hybrid