Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Reviews in Medical V...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Reviews in Medical Virology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
versions View all 2 versions
addClaim

Beyond the Viroporin: The Envelope Protein as a Therapeutic Target in Viral Immunomodulation

Authors: DuJiang Yang; GuoYou Wang;

Beyond the Viroporin: The Envelope Protein as a Therapeutic Target in Viral Immunomodulation

Abstract

ABSTRACT In their comprehensive review, Shekhar et al. (Rev Med Virol. 2025; 35:e70067) provide a valuable synthesis of the viral envelope (E) protein's role in subverting innate immunity and its potential as a pharmacological target. While we commend this timely work, our letter offers a critical perspective on the translational challenges and complexities that warrant deeper consideration. We argue that the context‐dependent functionality of the E protein—wherein its immunomodulatory effects vary with infection stage, cell type, and viral load—poses a significant hurdle for therapeutic intervention, potentially limiting the efficacy of direct viroporin inhibitors. Furthermore, we highlight emerging mechanisms beyond those extensively covered, such as the E protein's role in inducing ER stress‐mediated cellular dysfunction and its newly discovered capacity to degrade STAT2 via selective autophagy, thereby broadly suppressing interferon signaling. The structural intractability of the small, oligomeric E protein to conventional small‐molecule drugs is another substantial barrier, shifting the focus towards host‐directed therapies. Finally, we critically examine the evolutionary dynamics of this conserved target, emphasizing the need for combination strategies to preempt resistance. This critique aims to refine the roadmap for future research by underscoring the necessity for a nuanced, mechanism‐driven, and translationally‐aware approach to targeting the E protein.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Immunomodulation, Review Literature as Topic, Viral Envelope Proteins, Virus Diseases, Autophagy, Animals, Humans, Antiviral Agents, Immunity, Innate

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!