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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Analysis of electrochemical and liver microsomal transformation products of lasalocid by LC/HRMS

Authors: Lisa Knoche; Jan Lisec; Matthias Koch;

Analysis of electrochemical and liver microsomal transformation products of lasalocid by LC/HRMS

Abstract

Rationale Lasalocid (LAS), an ionophore, is used in cattle and poultry farming as feed additive for its antibiotic and growth‐promoting properties. Literature on transformation products (TP) resulting from LAS degradation is limited. So far, only hydroxylation is found to occur as the metabolic reaction during the LAS degradation. To investigate potential TPs of LAS, we used electrochemistry (EC) and liver microsome (LM) assays to synthesize TPs, which were identified using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS). Methods Electrochemically produced TPs were analyzed online by direct coupling of the electrochemical cell to the electrospray ionization (ESI) source of a Sciex Triple‐TOF high resolution mass spectrometer. Then, EC‐treated LAS solution was collected and analyzed offline using LC/HRMS to confirm stable TPs and improve their annotation with a chemical structure due to informative MS/MS spectra. In a complementary approach, TPs formed by rat and human microsomal incubation were investigated using LC/HRMS. The resulting data were used to investigate LAS modification reactions and elucidate the chemical structure of obtained TPs. Results The online measurements identified a broad variety of TPs, resulting from modification reactions like (de‐)hydrogenation, hydration, methylation, oxidation as well as adduct formation with methanol. We consistently observed different ion complexations of LAS and LAS‐TPs (Na + ; 2Na + K + ; NaNH 4 + ; KNH 4 + ). Two stable methylated EC‐TPs were found, structurally annotated, and assigned to a likely modification reaction. Using LM incubation, seven TPs were formed, mostly by oxidation/hydroxylation. After the identification of LM‐TPs as Na + ‐complexes, we identified LM‐TPs as K + ‐complexes. Conclusion We identified and characterized TPs of LAS using EC‐ and LM‐based methods. Moreover, we found different ion complexes of LAS‐based TPs. This knowledge, especially the different ion complexes, may help elucidate the metabolic and environmental degradation pathways of LAS.

Country
Germany
Keywords

Ions, Lasalocid, Liver, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, ddc:530, Microsomes, Liver, Animals, Humans, Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Cattle, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Chromatography, Liquid, Rats

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
hybrid