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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao physica status solid...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
physica status solidi (b)
Article . 1965 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb004...
Part of book or chapter of book . 1978 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer Nature TDM
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
physica status solidi (b)
Article . 1965 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.1515/978311...
Part of book or chapter of book . 1965 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Surface Energy of Solids

Authors: J. J. Bikerman;

Surface Energy of Solids

Abstract

At least five conclusions may be formulated after perusing this review. 1. No method so far suggested for measuring the surface energy or surface tension of solids is satisfactory. 2. This failure may be caused, above all, by the fact that solids, contrary to liquids, cannot alter their shape without changing the strain energy in their volumes. The changes in strain energy are so much greater than those in surface energy that the latter remain unrecognized. 3. Solids possess an energy unknown in typical liquids. This cuticular energy exists because the surface region of innumerable solids has a chemical composition, a frequency of lattice defects, and so on, different from those in the bulk. 4. Small solid particles obtained by cooling of vapors, by grinding, or many other methods, usually have a less perfect lattice and more impurity than have bigger crystals of nominally identical composition. Hence, the cuticular energy of the former exceeds that of the latter. 5. Cuticular energy implies no tendency of the surface to contract, i.e., no surface tension. The theoretical calculations of the difference in energy between a broken and an unbroken crystal, if correct, afford a quantity which is related to cuticular energy and, like this, causes no contractile tendency.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
82
Top 1%
Top 0.01%
Top 10%
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