AbstractSimple clinical indices, complex composite phenotyping/endotyping and telehome monitoring now allow us to evaluate the risk of preschool wheezing on a population or individual level. We herein discuss the usefulness of clinical markers which involve underlying issues such as in utero smoke exposure, the pathophysiology of viral‐immunological‐allergic interactions, and changes in airway epithelium, mesenchyme and smooth muscle cells. The most important unmet need in this age group remains disease‐modifying interventions.