The evaluation of respiratory muscle endurance provides clinically useful information on muscle function, especially in children with respiratory and neuromuscular diseases. However, endurance may be lower in young children than in older children because of the major physical changes of puberty. We thus compared respiratory muscle endurance in 15 healthy pre- and peripubertal children (S1-S2/P1 group) and 14 healthy children near the end of the pubertal process (S4P4 group). All performed a respiratory muscle endurance test threshold load fixed at 50% of the individual maximal inspiratory pressure; (Pi(max)), using a standardized method with a controlled breathing pattern. No significant difference was found between groups for Pi(max). The mean endurance time limit for the S1-S2/P1 group was 138 +/- 20 sec. The S4P4 group was able to breathe with the threshold valve for more than 20 min (1,200 sec) without task failure, except for one girl (385 sec). This study shows that inspiratory muscle endurance is significantly lower in children in early puberty compared to children at the end of the pubertal process. If the underlying mechanisms are not well-known, the present study revealed that if we use the same inspiratory load in prepubertal children as in adults during clinical testing, we are likely to underestimate the susceptibility to task failure of their respiratory muscles. To define a fatigue threshold for the respiratory muscles, as a function of age, thus appears clinically important in further studies, particularly for the management of children with respiratory diseases.