AbstractThalassemia, classified as the main types α‐ and β‐thalassemia, is a single gene disorder resulting from globin chain synthesis impairment through the mutation or deletion of globin genes. The incidence of thalassemia is high worldwide, with high associated mortality. Therefore, treatment is important to improve patient outcomes. This paper reviews the current status of β‐thalassemia major in China, including its epidemiology and treatment.