AbstractThymic epithelial neoplasms consist of thymomas, thymic carcinoids, and thymic carcinomas. Carcinomas are malignant tumors of the thymus characterized by obvious cytological anaplasia. They constitute only 4%–14% of thymic epithelial neoplams. Thymic carcinoma rarely occurs in children. Research in the English literature carried out for the present study revealed only 14 cases younger than 18 years‐of‐age. Here we have reported a 16‐year old girl who presented with respiratory distress due to huge anterior mediastinal mass. Histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed lymphoepithelioma‐like thymic carcinoma. She received systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, she died within 15 months due to progressive disease. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.