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Otolaryngology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
Otolaryngology
Article . 2026
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Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Oral Frailty Index‐8 for United States English‐Speakers

Authors: Adrián Castillo‐Allendes; Carolyn J. Khoury; James A. Curtis; Valentina Mocchetti; Johji Kuroda; Keiko Kuroda; Tomoko Ikeuchi; +9 Authors

Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Oral Frailty Index‐8 for United States English‐Speakers

Abstract

Abstract Objective Oral frailty, the age‐related decline in oral and pharyngeal function, is associated with physical frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline. The Oral Frailty Index‐8 (OFI‐8) is a patient‐reported outcome measure developed in Japan to assess oral frailty risk. This study aimed to culturally and linguistically adapt the OFI‐8 for English‐speaking older adults in the United States. Study Design Cross‐cultural and cross‐linguistic adaptation of the OFI‐8 by an expert committee, followed by administration of the adapted OFI‐8 and structured cognitive interviews with 22 English‐speaking adults aged 65 years and older. Setting Outpatient tertiary academic voice and swallowing center in New York City. Methods Following the Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guidelines, the OFI‐8 underwent forward translation, back translation, expert committee review, and reconciliation. Cognitive interviews were then conducted with 22 participants aged 65 years and older. A think‐aloud and verbal‐probing approach was used to evaluate comprehension, clarity, and cultural appropriateness. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Several cultural adaptations were made, including replacing Japanese food examples with US‐familiar foods of similar texture. Three questionnaire items and the instructions were refined following participant feedback to improve syntactic flow, clarity, and understanding. The final US‐English version maintained conceptual equivalence of the original OFI‐8 while adapting language and examples for US cultural relevance. Conclusion A culturally adapted US‐English version of the OFI‐8 was developed through structured translation, expert review, and cognitive interviews. Further validation studies are necessary to establish its clinimetric properties and support clinical application for early detection of oral frailty in US older adults.

Keywords

Male, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Frailty, Frail Elderly, United States, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Female, Translations, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Language

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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