The strengths in this article lie in the reinforcement of important procedures for enhancing the internal and external validity of intervention studies. For example, the authors highlight the importance of using theory to guide study design, operationalization of key variables, and data analysis. They emphasize that an important goal of research is to identify which participants, under what circumstances respond in what ways to interventions. They stress that to do this, investigators must use theory to identify factors that may affect the implementation of interventions and/or influence outcomes. They encourage researchers to keep descriptive reports of reasons why potential participants decline to join a study, information that is useful for modifying current study procedures or future study design. Finally, they emphasize the importance of developing protocols for intervention delivery, training study personnel in the theory underlying the intervention, and explaining the principles guiding individualization of the intervention for each participant. These are all excellent recommendations for intervention research. Unfortunately, the authors suggest that the recommendations represent an “alternative method for clinical research”. In reality, most of the recommendations are part of the current, standard approach to conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In fact, the narrow, and often erroneous, characterization of the assumptions and goals of RCTs sets up a straw dog argument that is then used to frame several proposed solutions. Perhaps most importantly, critiques of the randomized trial are presented, with nothing new to offer as a substitute for randomization. Although it has long been known that conducting randomized trials in clinical settings is challenging, there is no substitute for randomization when it comes to controlling selection bias and allowing the causal inference that the intervention being tested is responsible for the outcomes observed (Shadish, Cook, & Campbell, 2002). The article moves the field no further in solving this dilemma. In the following paragraphs we amplify this point and address selected other problems.