AbstractContinuous crop cultivation has exacerbated the issue of soil‐borne diseases, positioning soil biofumigation as a promising and environmentally friendly control method. This review comprehensively assesses recent advances in the use of Brassicaceae plant materials for biofumigation, specifically focusing on their effectiveness in managing soil‐borne pests, enhancing soil fertility, improving the composition of beneficial microbial communities, and boosting crop quality and yield. It also explores the mechanisms underlying biofumigation with Brassicaceae plants, highlighting that the incorporation of exogenous myrosinase can significantly increase isothiocyanate production, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of biofumigation. Among these, plants in the Brassica genus have been studied more extensively and have demonstrated superior results. Furthermore, the potential for biofumigation using plant materials from the Liliaceae, Gramineae, Compositae, and Leguminosae etc., families is evaluated. To address the challenge of inconsistent efficacy observed with different plant materials, future research should focus on optimizing biofumigation techniques according to local conditions. Additionally, combining biofumigation with physical and chemical methods, as well as implementing rotational application strategies, may enhance overall effectiveness.