AbstractSurgical conditions account for a significant portion of the global burden of disease and have a substantial impact on public health in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This article reviews the significance of surgical conditions within the context of public health in these settings, and describes selected approaches to global surgery delivery in specific contexts. The discussion includes programs in global trauma care, surgical care in conflict and disaster, and anesthesia and perioperative care. Programs to develop surgical training in Botswana and pediatric surgery through international partnership are also described, with a final review of broader approaches to training for global surgical delivery. In each instance, innovative solutions, as well as lessons learned and reasons for program failure, are highlighted. Mt Sinai J Med 78:327–341, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine