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Movement Disorders
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Movement Disorders
Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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The management of tics

Authors: David Shprecher; Roger Kurlan;

The management of tics

Abstract

AbstractA tic is a stereotyped repetitive involuntary movement or sound, frequently preceded by premonitory sensations or urges. Most tic disorders are genetic or idiopathic in nature, possibly due to a developmental failure of inhibitory function within frontal‐subcortical circuits modulating volitional movements. Currently available oral medications can reduce the severity of tics, but rarely eliminate them. Botulinum toxin injections can be effective if there are a few particularly disabling motor tics. Deep brain stimulation has been reported to be an effective treatment for the most severe cases, but remains unproven. A comprehensive evaluation accounting for secondary causes, psychosocial factors, and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions is essential to successful treatment of tic disorders. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society

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Keywords

Adult, Brain Diseases, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Adolescent, Deep Brain Stimulation, Mental Disorders, Dopamine Agents, Disease Management, Stereotypic Movement Disorder, Combined Modality Therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Patient Education as Topic, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Humans, Drug Therapy, Combination, Botulinum Toxins, Type A, Child, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Antipsychotic Agents

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    100
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
100
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
bronze