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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Movement Disordersarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Movement Disorders
Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Neural organization of eyelid responses

Authors: José M, Delgado-García; Agnès, Gruart; Alejandro, Múnera;

Neural organization of eyelid responses

Abstract

A blink is a fast narrowing of the palpebral fissure, involving the activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle and, in those species with a nictitating membrane, of the retractor bulbi motor system and most extraocular eye muscles. Reflex blinks can be triggered by stimuli of different sensory modalities (trigeminal, visual, acoustic, and vestibular). Blinks are not exclusively related to corneal protection and wetting, but are also associated with some stages of visual processing and with the complex motor displays involved in the expression of emotional states. Lid movements also accompany eye displacements, as during vertical eye saccades and fixations. Moreover, eyelid movements can be easily evoked using classical conditioning procedures. 1‐9 Because of the technical facilities available for the quantitative evoking and recording of nictitating membrane and/or eyelid movements, 3 this motor system has become an excellent experimental model for the study of learned motor responses. In addition, available relevant information on this motor system can be used as a very useful tool for the understanding of the different pathologies related to facial kinematics and expression in humans.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Motor Neurons, Blinking, Cerebellum, Neural Pathways, Animals, Eyelids, Humans, Hippocampus

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Average
Average
Average
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