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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Separatio...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Journal of Separation Science
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Determination of Mitragynine and 7‐Hydroxymitragynine in Raw Kratom Plant Material by a Multisegment Injection Capillary Zone Electrophoresis‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Authors: Andrea Horniakova; Peter Mikus; Juraj Piestansky;

Determination of Mitragynine and 7‐Hydroxymitragynine in Raw Kratom Plant Material by a Multisegment Injection Capillary Zone Electrophoresis‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

ABSTRACTA novel validated analytical approach implementing multisegment injection strategy into the capillary zone electrophoresis‐tandem mass spectrometry hyphenation for determination of two psychoactive alkaloids, mitragynine (MIT), and 7‐hydoxymitraginine (7‐OH‐MIT), in kratom raw samples was introduced. A thorough optimization of the multisegment injection strategy and extraction procedure of the alkaloids from raw powdered plant material was realized. The separation of the two secondary plant metabolites was performed in the background electrolyte composed of 100 mM formic acid. The developed and optimized analytical approach showed favorable operation and validation parameters, including linearity (r2 > 0.99), selectivity, precision (relative standard deviation in the range of 3.3%–9.4%), accuracy (relative error in the range of 92.2%–108.4%), recovery (85.1%–99.7%), or robustness (95.2%–99.7%). Furthermore, the method demonstrates high sensitivity, with the limit of detection at the concentration level of 1 and 2 ng/mL for MIT and 7‐hydroxymitragynine, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied to determine the content of the psychoactive alkaloids in six raw kratom samples marketed as collector's items. The content of MIT and 7‐OH‐MIT in the kratom samples (original powdered raw material) varied from 23.15 to 35.51 and 0.43 to 0.72 µg/mg, respectively. Moreover, the developed innovative approach was assessed to evaluate sample preparation sustainability, alignment with green analytical chemistry principles, and practicality. The proposed method with enhanced sample throughput represents a very effective and promising green alternative to traditional chromatographic techniques and has high potential for implementation in pharmaceutical and toxicological practice.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Mitragyna, Plant Extracts, Electrophoresis, Capillary, Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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