AbstractCritical analysis is provided by the authors on cytologic examination combined with histology of 131 patients with thyroid alterations. Cytologic examination yielded seven false‐negative and four false‐positive findings. Sensitivity of the procedure was 0.78 and the specificity 0.97. Aspiration cytology of the thyroid gland combined with other methods of examination can be considered an advance in the diagnostics of thyroid diseases.