AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe incidence of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is rising. Our aim was to present our experience with this entity in order to increase the awareness about this disease to avoid misdiagnosis.MethodsRecords of seven patients with histologically confirmed MPM were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinicopathological findings were studied in detail.ResultsThere were two females and 5 males; mean age was 50.3 years (range 16–73). Asbestos exposure was recorded in two patients, familial Mediterranean fever in one and previous radiation in one. Main presentations were abdominal pain and distension. None of the patients was diagnosed preoperatively. The average delay in diagnosis was 10 months. Calretinin expression was identified in all tumors. Three patients were treated with cytoreductive surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy. Two patients who remain alive were young female patients who were diagnosed by laparoscopic incidental findings and were treated with cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC). Median survival was 19.7 months. The average survival time of the five patients who died of their diseases was 10.2 months.ConclusionsAn awareness of MPM is important to prevent misdiagnosis. Immunohistochemistry has an important role in confirming the diagnosis. MPM remains a difficult therapeutic challenge. Thorough cytoreductive surgery is the cornerstone of current treatment while HIIC is a promising strategy in suitable patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:17–25. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.