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Article . 2013
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Observations of interstellar helium pickup ions in the inner heliosphere

Authors: Gershman, Daniel J.; Gloeckler, George; Gilbert, Jason A.; Raines, Jim M.; Fisk, Lennard A.; Solomon, Sean C.; Stone, Edward C.; +1 Authors

Observations of interstellar helium pickup ions in the inner heliosphere

Abstract

During the MESSENGER spacecraft's interplanetary trajectory to Mercury, the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) measured the first helium pickup ion distributions at a heliocentric distance (R) ranging between 0.3 and 0.7 AU. From several transits of MESSENGER through the interstellar helium gravitational focusing cone, we map the cone structure in the ecliptic at R=0.3 AU and compare it with observations of He+ at R=1 AU made with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). Average downwind enhancements of ≈8 and average cone widths of ≈30° measured by each sensor match known models of neutral helium during this most recent, unusually quiet, solar minimum. The average cone center direction is calculated to be at J2000 ecliptic longitude λ∞=76.0°(±6.0°) and 77.0°(±1.5°) from FIPS and SWICS observations, respectively. These parameters are also in agreement with previous determinations of the downwind direction of interstellar flow and demonstrate the effectiveness of using pickup ion observations inside 1 AU to map the structure of the neutral helium distribution in the heliosphere, as well as to diagnose the conditions of the interstellar medium.

Country
United States
Keywords

pickup ion, Geochemistry, Science, Interstellar Helium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, Planetology, Pickup Ion, 530, 520, interstellar helium

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
16
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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