AbstractThe effects of the filler composition on physical and mechanical properties of microfilled composites was investigated by measuring water absorption, solubility, compressive, flexural, and impact strength. A series of experimental composites, consisting of UDMA/TEGDMA comonomer matrix and prepolymerized fillers, was fabricated. The prepolymerized fillers were composed of hydrophobic colloidal silica and two monomers in varying ratios, trimethylolpropanetrimethacrylate (TMPT), and polyesterdiacrylate (PEDA). TMPT/PEDA ratios were 100:0, 64:36, 46:54, 18:82, and 0:100%. There were no significant differences in water sorption and solubility, regardless of the amount of PEDA monomer. Young's modulus and modulus of resilience increased with decreasing PEDA ratio. Fracture energy exhibited drastic changes (30.1 × 10−5 J to 93.4 × 10−5 J). The highest value of flexural strength (96.0 ± 3.5 MPa) was obtained when the TMPT‐PEDA filler was 46:54. The impact strengths of composites fabricated with TMPT‐PEDA filler of 46:54 (11.2 ± 1.4 kJ/m2), 18:82 (10.6 ± 3.2 kJ/m2), and 0:100 (13.1 ± 3.8 kJ/m2) were significantly higher than those with 100:0 (6.0 ± 1.8 kJ/m2) or 64:36 (7.1 ± 2.4 kJ/m2). Based upon the results, it was concluded that the mechanical properties of microfilled composites were improved by the modification of prepolymerized filler composition. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater