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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Journal of Applied T...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Journal of Applied Toxicology
Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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Follicular pathway role in chemical warfare simulants percutaneous penetration

Authors: Akram Elmahdy; Yachao Cao; Xiaoying Hui; Howard Maibach;

Follicular pathway role in chemical warfare simulants percutaneous penetration

Abstract

AbstractChemical warfare (CW) exposure could be fatal to military and civilians through skin contamination. Our work and others focus on investigating stratum corneum reservoir with less regards to skin appendageal routes including hair follicles. Here, C‐14 CW simulants (CWS) with specific activity of 0.1 mCi/ml were tested on abdominal and scalp human cadaver skin using flow‐through diffusion system. Quantitative analysis of simulants in skin compartments were performed using scintillation counter. Scalp permeation of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGME), diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) and methyl salicylate (MeS) exceed abdominal skin by 8%, 15%, and 6% (p value < 0.05) of applied dose, respectively. DPGME and DIMP (most hydrophilic) showed earlier permeation peak time (Tmax) through scalp skin at 2 and 4 h, respectively, comparing with 6 h with abdominal skin. The percentage of applied dose of DPGME and DIMP retained in human skin membrane (SC, epidermis, and viable dermis) showed no statistically significant difference between tested abdominal and scalp skin samples (p value >0.05). The percentage of applied dose of MeS in scalp showed higher partitioning in stratum corneum and viable epidermis than abdominal skin (p value <0.05).In conclusion, human scalp showed greater total skin absorption than abdominal skin. This work points to a qualitative importance of high follicular density body regions in percutaneous penetration and suggests that transfollicular pathway might have a significant role in early stage permeation of chemical warfare simulants. However, the difference noticed here between scalp and abdominal skin could be attributed to regional variability in anatomy, physiology, and barrier characteristics.

Keywords

Chemical Warfare, Organophosphorus Compounds, Scalp, Skin Absorption, Humans, Chemical Warfare Agents, Epidermis, Decontamination, Salicylates, Skin

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
9
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
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